Salih Özbaran focuses on a subject which has not been studied fully and accurately so far, i.e., the Ottoman expansion towards the Indian Ocean including the imperial conquests, organizations, exploitation of southern Arab lands and coastal African ports. He also examines the confrontations with native rulers, their communal organizations and the Portuguese seaborne forces in the 16th century.
Özbaran comes to the following should not be regarded as a "linear process of development"; they d ...